351 lines
9.6 KiB
Markdown
351 lines
9.6 KiB
Markdown
# QAUP机场车辆管理系统使用指南
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## 系统概述
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QAUP是一个集成的机场车辆管理系统，包含：
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- **基础信息管理**：车辆档案、驾驶员信息、车辆类型等
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- **实时位置监控**：基于PostGIS的空间数据管理
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- **碰撞避免系统**：实时安全规则检测和预警
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- **轨迹管理**：车辆历史路径记录和分析
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## 核心数据结构
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### 主要表关系
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```
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sys_vehicle_info (基础信息)
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├── vehicle_id: 数字ID (主键)
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└── license_plate_number: 车牌号
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vehicle_locations (实时位置)
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├── vehicle_id: 车牌号 (业务标识)
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├── license_plate: 车牌号 (明确语义)
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└── sys_vehicle_id: 关联数字ID
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通过车牌号关联: license_plate_number ↔ license_plate
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```
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### 业务视图
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- `vehicle_complete_info`: 车辆基础信息 + 最新位置
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- `vehicle_info_with_location`: 车辆信息与位置详细关联
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- `vehicle_status_summary`: 车辆实时状态统计
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- `vehicle_trajectory_view`: 车辆轨迹查询
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## 实际使用指南
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### 1. 车辆数据查询
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#### 基础查询
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```sql
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-- 查询所有车辆基础信息
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SELECT vehicle_id, license_plate_number, brand, owning_unit, contact_person
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FROM sys_vehicle_info;
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-- 查询指定车辆详细信息
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SELECT * FROM sys_vehicle_info
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WHERE license_plate_number = '京A12345';
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```
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#### 车辆完整信息查询（推荐）
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```sql
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-- 根据车牌号查询车辆完整信息（基础信息+最新位置）
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SELECT vehicle_plate, brand, owning_unit, status,
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longitude, latitude, speed, last_update_time
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FROM vehicle_info_with_location
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WHERE vehicle_plate = '京A12345';
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-- 查询所有活跃车辆
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SELECT vehicle_plate, brand, status, speed, last_update_time
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FROM vehicle_info_with_location
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WHERE status = 'ACTIVE'
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ORDER BY last_update_time DESC;
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-- 查询离线车辆
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SELECT vehicle_plate, brand, status, last_update_time
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FROM vehicle_info_with_location
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WHERE status = 'OFFLINE'
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ORDER BY last_update_time DESC;
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```
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#### 车辆状态统计
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```sql
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-- 各类型车辆状态统计
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SELECT vehicle_type, total_vehicles, active_vehicles,
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inactive_vehicles, avg_speed, max_speed
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FROM vehicle_status_summary;
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-- 当前活跃车辆数量
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SELECT COUNT(*) as active_count
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FROM vehicle_info_with_location
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WHERE status = 'ACTIVE';
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```
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### 2. 空间查询
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#### 位置范围查询
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```sql
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-- 查询指定经纬度范围内的车辆
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SELECT vi.vehicle_plate, vi.brand, vi.speed, vi.longitude, vi.latitude
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FROM vehicle_info_with_location vi
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WHERE vi.longitude BETWEEN 116.3 AND 116.4
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AND vi.latitude BETWEEN 39.9 AND 40.0
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AND vi.status = 'ACTIVE';
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-- 查询距离指定点特定距离内的车辆（使用PostGIS函数）
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SELECT vl.vehicle_id, vl.speed, ST_AsText(vl.location) as position,
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ST_Distance(vl.location, ST_Point(116.33, 39.95)) as distance_meters
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FROM vehicle_locations vl
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WHERE ST_DWithin(vl.location, ST_Point(116.33, 39.95), 1000) -- 1000米范围内
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AND vl.timestamp > NOW() - INTERVAL '10 minutes'
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ORDER BY distance_meters;
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```
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#### 机场区域查询
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```sql
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-- 查询特定区域内的车辆
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SELECT vl.vehicle_id, vl.speed, aa.name as area_name
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FROM vehicle_locations vl
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JOIN airport_areas aa ON ST_Within(vl.location, aa.boundary)
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WHERE aa.area_id = 'RUNWAY_01'
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AND vl.timestamp > NOW() - INTERVAL '5 minutes';
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-- 查询所有机场区域
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SELECT area_id, name, type, speed_limit_kph, restricted
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FROM airport_areas
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WHERE enabled = true
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ORDER BY name;
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```
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### 3. 轨迹数据查询
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#### 车辆历史轨迹
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```sql
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-- 查询车辆最近7天的轨迹统计
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SELECT vehicle_plate, trajectory_date, total_distance,
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max_speed, avg_speed, duration_seconds
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FROM vehicle_trajectory_view
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WHERE vehicle_plate = '京A12345'
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AND trajectory_date >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '7 days'
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ORDER BY trajectory_date DESC;
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-- 查询车辆详细位置历史
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SELECT vehicle_id, ST_AsText(location) as position,
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speed, heading, timestamp
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FROM vehicle_locations
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WHERE vehicle_id = '京A12345'
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AND timestamp BETWEEN '2025-01-15 08:00:00' AND '2025-01-15 18:00:00'
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ORDER BY timestamp;
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```
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#### 轨迹分析
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```sql
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-- 统计车辆每日行驶距离
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SELECT vehicle_plate,
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DATE(start_time) as date,
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SUM(total_distance) as daily_distance,
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MAX(max_speed) as daily_max_speed
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FROM vehicle_trajectory_view
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WHERE vehicle_plate = '京A12345'
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AND start_time >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '30 days'
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GROUP BY vehicle_plate, DATE(start_time)
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ORDER BY date DESC;
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```
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### 4. 安全规则和事件查询
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#### 规则违反事件
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```sql
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-- 查询最近的违规事件
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SELECT event_id, rule_id, subject_id as vehicle_plate,
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violation_type, severity, ST_AsText(location) as violation_location,
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detected_at, response_status
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FROM rule_violation_events
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WHERE detected_at > NOW() - INTERVAL '24 hours'
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ORDER BY detected_at DESC;
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-- 查询特定车辆的违规历史
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SELECT event_id, violation_type, severity, detected_at
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FROM rule_violation_events
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WHERE subject_id = '京A12345'
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AND subject_type = 'VEHICLE'
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ORDER BY detected_at DESC;
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```
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#### 安全规则管理
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```sql
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-- 查询所有活跃的安全规则
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SELECT rule_id, rule_name, rule_category, alert_level, status
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FROM spatial_rules
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WHERE status = 'ACTIVE'
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ORDER BY priority, rule_name;
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```
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### 5. 数据同步管理
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#### 数据同步操作
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```sql
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-- 执行车辆ID同步（当新增车辆信息时）
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SELECT update_sys_vehicle_id();
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-- 检查数据同步状态
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SELECT
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'vehicle_locations' as table_name,
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COUNT(*) as total_records,
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COUNT(license_plate) as has_license_plate,
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COUNT(sys_vehicle_id) as has_sys_vehicle_id
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FROM vehicle_locations
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UNION ALL
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SELECT
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'vehicle_trajectories' as table_name,
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COUNT(*) as total_records,
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COUNT(license_plate) as has_license_plate,
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COUNT(sys_vehicle_id) as has_sys_vehicle_id
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FROM vehicle_trajectories;
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```
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#### 数据清理
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```sql
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-- 清理历史位置数据（保留最近30天）
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DELETE FROM vehicle_locations
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WHERE timestamp < NOW() - INTERVAL '30 days';
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-- 清理已解决的违规事件（保留最近7天）
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DELETE FROM rule_violation_events
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WHERE response_status = 'RESOLVED'
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AND resolved_at < NOW() - INTERVAL '7 days';
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```
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## 开发建议
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### ✅ 推荐做法
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1. **统一使用车牌号作为业务标识符**
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```sql
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-- 推荐：使用车牌号查询
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SELECT * FROM vehicle_info_with_location WHERE vehicle_plate = '京A12345';
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```
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2. **优先使用业务视图进行复杂查询**
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```sql
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-- 推荐：使用视图获取完整信息
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SELECT * FROM vehicle_info_with_location;
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-- 避免：手动关联多个表
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-- SELECT * FROM sys_vehicle_info vi JOIN vehicle_locations vl ON ...;
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```
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3. **定期执行数据同步**
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```sql
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-- 建议在车辆信息变更后执行
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SELECT update_sys_vehicle_id();
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```
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4. **使用PostGIS函数进行空间查询**
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```sql
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-- 推荐：使用PostGIS函数
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SELECT * FROM vehicle_locations
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WHERE ST_DWithin(location, ST_Point(116.33, 39.95), 1000);
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```
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### ⚠️ 注意事项
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1. **数据类型一致性**
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- `sys_vehicle_info.vehicle_id`: BIGINT（数字ID）
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- `vehicle_locations.vehicle_id`: VARCHAR（车牌号）
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- 关联通过：`license_plate_number` ↔ `license_plate`
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2. **时区处理**
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- 新表使用 `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE`
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- 查询时注意时区一致性
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3. **空间坐标系**
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- 所有空间数据使用 WGS84 坐标系（SRID: 4326）
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- 经度范围：-180 到 180
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- 纬度范围：-90 到 90
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4. **性能优化**
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- 大量空间查询时使用已建立的GIST索引
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- 时间范围查询利用时间戳索引
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- 避免全表扫描，善用WHERE条件
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## 常用查询模板
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### 实时监控查询
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```sql
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-- 车辆实时状态大屏
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SELECT
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COUNT(*) as total_vehicles,
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COUNT(CASE WHEN status = 'ACTIVE' THEN 1 END) as active_vehicles,
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COUNT(CASE WHEN status = 'INACTIVE' THEN 1 END) as inactive_vehicles,
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COUNT(CASE WHEN status = 'OFFLINE' THEN 1 END) as offline_vehicles,
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AVG(CASE WHEN status = 'ACTIVE' THEN speed END) as avg_speed
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FROM vehicle_info_with_location;
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```
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### 区域车辆分布
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```sql
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-- 各区域车辆分布统计
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SELECT
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aa.name as area_name,
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aa.type as area_type,
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COUNT(vl.vehicle_id) as vehicle_count
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FROM airport_areas aa
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LEFT JOIN vehicle_locations vl ON ST_Within(vl.location, aa.boundary)
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AND vl.timestamp > NOW() - INTERVAL '5 minutes'
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WHERE aa.enabled = true
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GROUP BY aa.area_id, aa.name, aa.type
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ORDER BY vehicle_count DESC;
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```
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### 安全监控查询
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```sql
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-- 安全事件实时监控
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SELECT
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COUNT(*) as total_events,
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COUNT(CASE WHEN severity = 'CRITICAL' THEN 1 END) as critical_events,
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COUNT(CASE WHEN severity = 'HIGH' THEN 1 END) as high_events,
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COUNT(CASE WHEN response_status = 'PENDING' THEN 1 END) as pending_events
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FROM rule_violation_events
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WHERE detected_at > NOW() - INTERVAL '1 hour';
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```
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## 故障排除
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### 常见问题
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1. **车辆位置数据无法关联**
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- 检查车牌号格式是否一致
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- 执行数据同步：`SELECT update_sys_vehicle_id();`
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2. **空间查询结果为空**
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- 确认坐标系是否为WGS84（SRID: 4326）
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- 检查经纬度值是否合理
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3. **性能问题**
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- 检查是否使用了适当的索引
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- 时间范围查询添加时间限制条件
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### 数据检查命令
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```sql
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-- 检查PostGIS扩展
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SELECT PostGIS_Version();
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-- 检查表结构
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\d+ vehicle_locations
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\d+ sys_vehicle_info
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-- 检查数据完整性
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SELECT table_name, column_name
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FROM information_schema.columns
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WHERE table_name LIKE 'vehicle%'
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AND column_name IN ('license_plate', 'sys_vehicle_id');
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```
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---
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## 联系支持
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如有问题，请查看：
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- 系统日志：`logs/` 目录
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- 数据库日志：PostgreSQL日志
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- 开发文档：`doc/` 目录下的相关文档
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