QAUP_Management/doc/guide.md

QAUP机场车辆管理系统使用指南

系统概述

QAUP是一个集成的机场车辆管理系统，包含：

• 基础信息管理：车辆档案、驾驶员信息、车辆类型等
• 实时位置监控：基于PostGIS的空间数据管理
• 碰撞避免系统：实时安全规则检测和预警
• 轨迹管理：车辆历史路径记录和分析

核心数据结构

主要表关系

sys_vehicle_info (基础信息)
    ├── vehicle_id: 数字ID (主键)
    └── license_plate_number: 车牌号

vehicle_locations (实时位置)
    ├── vehicle_id: 车牌号 (业务标识)
    ├── license_plate: 车牌号 (明确语义)
    └── sys_vehicle_id: 关联数字ID

通过车牌号关联: license_plate_number ↔ license_plate

业务视图

• vehicle_complete_info: 车辆基础信息 + 最新位置
• vehicle_info_with_location: 车辆信息与位置详细关联
• vehicle_status_summary: 车辆实时状态统计
• vehicle_trajectory_view: 车辆轨迹查询

实际使用指南

1. 车辆数据查询

基础查询

-- 查询所有车辆基础信息
SELECT vehicle_id, license_plate_number, brand, owning_unit, contact_person
FROM sys_vehicle_info;

-- 查询指定车辆详细信息
SELECT * FROM sys_vehicle_info 
WHERE license_plate_number = '京A12345';

车辆完整信息查询（推荐）

-- 根据车牌号查询车辆完整信息（基础信息+最新位置）
SELECT vehicle_plate, brand, owning_unit, status, 
       longitude, latitude, speed, last_update_time
FROM vehicle_info_with_location 
WHERE vehicle_plate = '京A12345';

-- 查询所有活跃车辆
SELECT vehicle_plate, brand, status, speed, last_update_time
FROM vehicle_info_with_location 
WHERE status = 'ACTIVE'
ORDER BY last_update_time DESC;

-- 查询离线车辆
SELECT vehicle_plate, brand, status, last_update_time
FROM vehicle_info_with_location 
WHERE status = 'OFFLINE'
ORDER BY last_update_time DESC;

车辆状态统计

-- 各类型车辆状态统计
SELECT vehicle_type, total_vehicles, active_vehicles, 
       inactive_vehicles, avg_speed, max_speed
FROM vehicle_status_summary;

-- 当前活跃车辆数量
SELECT COUNT(*) as active_count
FROM vehicle_info_with_location 
WHERE status = 'ACTIVE';

2. 空间查询

位置范围查询

-- 查询指定经纬度范围内的车辆
SELECT vi.vehicle_plate, vi.brand, vi.speed, vi.longitude, vi.latitude
FROM vehicle_info_with_location vi
WHERE vi.longitude BETWEEN 116.3 AND 116.4
  AND vi.latitude BETWEEN 39.9 AND 40.0
  AND vi.status = 'ACTIVE';

-- 查询距离指定点特定距离内的车辆（使用PostGIS函数）
SELECT vl.vehicle_id, vl.speed, ST_AsText(vl.location) as position,
       ST_Distance(vl.location, ST_Point(116.33, 39.95)) as distance_meters
FROM vehicle_locations vl
WHERE ST_DWithin(vl.location, ST_Point(116.33, 39.95), 1000)  -- 1000米范围内
  AND vl.timestamp > NOW() - INTERVAL '10 minutes'
ORDER BY distance_meters;

机场区域查询

-- 查询特定区域内的车辆
SELECT vl.vehicle_id, vl.speed, aa.name as area_name
FROM vehicle_locations vl
JOIN airport_areas aa ON ST_Within(vl.location, aa.boundary)
WHERE aa.area_id = 'RUNWAY_01'
  AND vl.timestamp > NOW() - INTERVAL '5 minutes';

-- 查询所有机场区域
SELECT area_id, name, type, speed_limit_kph, restricted
FROM airport_areas 
WHERE enabled = true
ORDER BY name;

3. 轨迹数据查询

车辆历史轨迹

-- 查询车辆最近7天的轨迹统计
SELECT vehicle_plate, trajectory_date, total_distance, 
       max_speed, avg_speed, duration_seconds
FROM vehicle_trajectory_view 
WHERE vehicle_plate = '京A12345'
  AND trajectory_date >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '7 days'
ORDER BY trajectory_date DESC;

-- 查询车辆详细位置历史
SELECT vehicle_id, ST_AsText(location) as position, 
       speed, heading, timestamp
FROM vehicle_locations 
WHERE vehicle_id = '京A12345'
  AND timestamp BETWEEN '2025-01-15 08:00:00' AND '2025-01-15 18:00:00'
ORDER BY timestamp;

轨迹分析

-- 统计车辆每日行驶距离
SELECT vehicle_plate, 
       DATE(start_time) as date,
       SUM(total_distance) as daily_distance,
       MAX(max_speed) as daily_max_speed
FROM vehicle_trajectory_view
WHERE vehicle_plate = '京A12345'
  AND start_time >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '30 days'
GROUP BY vehicle_plate, DATE(start_time)
ORDER BY date DESC;

4. 安全规则和事件查询

规则违反事件

-- 查询最近的违规事件
SELECT event_id, rule_id, subject_id as vehicle_plate,
       violation_type, severity, ST_AsText(location) as violation_location,
       detected_at, response_status
FROM rule_violation_events 
WHERE detected_at > NOW() - INTERVAL '24 hours'
ORDER BY detected_at DESC;

-- 查询特定车辆的违规历史
SELECT event_id, violation_type, severity, detected_at
FROM rule_violation_events
WHERE subject_id = '京A12345'
  AND subject_type = 'VEHICLE'
ORDER BY detected_at DESC;

安全规则管理

-- 查询所有活跃的安全规则
SELECT rule_id, rule_name, rule_category, alert_level, status
FROM spatial_rules
WHERE status = 'ACTIVE'
ORDER BY priority, rule_name;

5. 数据同步管理

数据同步操作

-- 执行车辆ID同步（当新增车辆信息时）
SELECT update_sys_vehicle_id();

-- 检查数据同步状态
SELECT 
    'vehicle_locations' as table_name,
    COUNT(*) as total_records,
    COUNT(license_plate) as has_license_plate,
    COUNT(sys_vehicle_id) as has_sys_vehicle_id
FROM vehicle_locations
UNION ALL
SELECT 
    'vehicle_trajectories' as table_name,
    COUNT(*) as total_records,
    COUNT(license_plate) as has_license_plate,
    COUNT(sys_vehicle_id) as has_sys_vehicle_id
FROM vehicle_trajectories;

数据清理

-- 清理历史位置数据（保留最近30天）
DELETE FROM vehicle_locations 
WHERE timestamp < NOW() - INTERVAL '30 days';

-- 清理已解决的违规事件（保留最近7天）
DELETE FROM rule_violation_events 
WHERE response_status = 'RESOLVED' 
  AND resolved_at < NOW() - INTERVAL '7 days';

开发建议

✅ 推荐做法

1. 统一使用车牌号作为业务标识符

   -- 推荐：使用车牌号查询
   SELECT * FROM vehicle_info_with_location WHERE vehicle_plate = '京A12345';
   

2. 优先使用业务视图进行复杂查询

   -- 推荐：使用视图获取完整信息
   SELECT * FROM vehicle_info_with_location;
   
   -- 避免：手动关联多个表
   -- SELECT * FROM sys_vehicle_info vi JOIN vehicle_locations vl ON ...;
   

3. 定期执行数据同步

   -- 建议在车辆信息变更后执行
   SELECT update_sys_vehicle_id();
   

4. 使用PostGIS函数进行空间查询

   -- 推荐：使用PostGIS函数
   SELECT * FROM vehicle_locations 
   WHERE ST_DWithin(location, ST_Point(116.33, 39.95), 1000);
   

⚠️ 注意事项

1. 数据类型一致性

   • sys_vehicle_info.vehicle_id: BIGINT（数字ID）
   • vehicle_locations.vehicle_id: VARCHAR（车牌号）
   • 关联通过：license_plate_number ↔ license_plate

2. 时区处理

   • 新表使用 TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
   • 查询时注意时区一致性

3. 空间坐标系

   • 所有空间数据使用 WGS84 坐标系（SRID: 4326）
   • 经度范围：-180 到 180
   • 纬度范围：-90 到 90

4. 性能优化

   • 大量空间查询时使用已建立的GIST索引
   • 时间范围查询利用时间戳索引
   • 避免全表扫描，善用WHERE条件

常用查询模板

实时监控查询

-- 车辆实时状态大屏
SELECT 
    COUNT(*) as total_vehicles,
    COUNT(CASE WHEN status = 'ACTIVE' THEN 1 END) as active_vehicles,
    COUNT(CASE WHEN status = 'INACTIVE' THEN 1 END) as inactive_vehicles,
    COUNT(CASE WHEN status = 'OFFLINE' THEN 1 END) as offline_vehicles,
    AVG(CASE WHEN status = 'ACTIVE' THEN speed END) as avg_speed
FROM vehicle_info_with_location;

区域车辆分布

-- 各区域车辆分布统计
SELECT 
    aa.name as area_name,
    aa.type as area_type,
    COUNT(vl.vehicle_id) as vehicle_count
FROM airport_areas aa
LEFT JOIN vehicle_locations vl ON ST_Within(vl.location, aa.boundary)
    AND vl.timestamp > NOW() - INTERVAL '5 minutes'
WHERE aa.enabled = true
GROUP BY aa.area_id, aa.name, aa.type
ORDER BY vehicle_count DESC;

安全监控查询

-- 安全事件实时监控
SELECT 
    COUNT(*) as total_events,
    COUNT(CASE WHEN severity = 'CRITICAL' THEN 1 END) as critical_events,
    COUNT(CASE WHEN severity = 'HIGH' THEN 1 END) as high_events,
    COUNT(CASE WHEN response_status = 'PENDING' THEN 1 END) as pending_events
FROM rule_violation_events 
WHERE detected_at > NOW() - INTERVAL '1 hour';

故障排除

常见问题

1. 车辆位置数据无法关联

   • 检查车牌号格式是否一致
   • 执行数据同步：SELECT update_sys_vehicle_id();

2. 空间查询结果为空

   • 确认坐标系是否为WGS84（SRID: 4326）
   • 检查经纬度值是否合理

3. 性能问题

   • 检查是否使用了适当的索引
   • 时间范围查询添加时间限制条件

数据检查命令

-- 检查PostGIS扩展
SELECT PostGIS_Version();

-- 检查表结构
\d+ vehicle_locations
\d+ sys_vehicle_info

-- 检查数据完整性
SELECT table_name, column_name 
FROM information_schema.columns 
WHERE table_name LIKE 'vehicle%' 
AND column_name IN ('license_plate', 'sys_vehicle_id');

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联系支持

如有问题，请查看：

• 系统日志：logs/ 目录
• 数据库日志：PostgreSQL日志
• 开发文档：doc/ 目录下的相关文档