diff --git a/src/Core/Spatial/SpatialHashGrid.cs b/src/Core/Spatial/SpatialHashGrid.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..415ca40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Core/Spatial/SpatialHashGrid.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using g4; // geometry4Sharp
+
+namespace NavisworksTransport.Core.Spatial
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 自定义3D空间哈希网格
+    /// 用于高效的空间范围查询，复杂度 O(1) 平均
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">存储的对象类型</typeparam>
+    public class SpatialHashGrid<T>
+    {
+        private readonly Dictionary<Vector3i, List<T>> _grid;
+        private readonly double _cellSize;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 创建空间哈希网格
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cellSize">格子大小（模型单位）</param>
+        public SpatialHashGrid(double cellSize)
+        {
+            if (cellSize <= 0)
+                throw new ArgumentException("格子大小必须大于0", nameof(cellSize));
+
+            _cellSize = cellSize;
+            _grid = new Dictionary<Vector3i, List<T>>();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 格子大小（模型单位）
+        /// </summary>
+        public double CellSize => _cellSize;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 格子总数
+        /// </summary>
+        public int CellCount => _grid.Count;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 对象总数
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ObjectCount
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                int count = 0;
+                foreach (var list in _grid.Values)
+                {
+                    count += list.Count;
+                }
+                return count;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 插入对象到空间哈希网格
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">要插入的对象</param>
+        /// <param name="position">对象的3D位置</param>
+        public void Insert(T item, Vector3d position)
+        {
+            var gridCell = ToGridCoordinates(position);
+
+            if (!_grid.ContainsKey(gridCell))
+            {
+                _grid[gridCell] = new List<T>();
+            }
+
+            _grid[gridCell].Add(item);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 批量插入对象
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="items">对象和位置的键值对</param>
+        public void InsertRange(IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<T, Vector3d>> items)
+        {
+            foreach (var kvp in items)
+            {
+                Insert(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取指定格子中的所有对象
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="gridCell">格子坐标</param>
+        /// <returns>该格子中的对象列表</returns>
+        public List<T> GetObjectsInCell(Vector3i gridCell)
+        {
+            if (_grid.TryGetValue(gridCell, out var list))
+            {
+                return new List<T>(list); // 返回副本，避免外部修改
+            }
+            return new List<T>();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 范围查询：查找指定位置附近指定半径内的所有对象
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="center">查询中心位置</param>
+        /// <param name="radius">查询半径（模型单位）</param>
+        /// <param name="distanceFunc">可选的距离计算函数（用于精确过滤）</param>
+        /// <returns>范围内的对象列表（去重）</returns>
+        public List<T> FindInRadius(
+            Vector3d center,
+            double radius,
+            Func<T, double> distanceFunc = null)
+        {
+            var results = new HashSet<T>();
+
+            // 计算需要检查的格子范围
+            int gridRadius = (int)Math.Ceiling(radius / _cellSize);
+            var centerGrid = ToGridCoordinates(center);
+
+            // 遍历查询范围内的所有格子
+            for (int dx = -gridRadius; dx <= gridRadius; dx++)
+            {
+                for (int dy = -gridRadius; dy <= gridRadius; dy++)
+                {
+                    for (int dz = -gridRadius; dz <= gridRadius; dz++)
+                    {
+                        var gridCell = new Vector3i(
+                            centerGrid.x + dx,
+                            centerGrid.y + dy,
+                            centerGrid.z + dz
+                        );
+
+                        if (_grid.TryGetValue(gridCell, out var cellObjects))
+                        {
+                            foreach (var obj in cellObjects)
+                            {
+                                // 如果提供了距离函数，进行精确距离检查
+                                if (distanceFunc != null)
+                                {
+                                    double distance = distanceFunc(obj);
+                                    if (distance <= radius)
+                                    {
+                                        results.Add(obj);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    // 否则直接添加（假设格子内的对象都在范围内）
+                                    results.Add(obj);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return new List<T>(results);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 范围查询（带精确距离检查）
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="center">查询中心</param>
+        /// <param name="radius">查询半径</param>
+        /// <param name="getPositionFunc">获取对象位置的函数</param>
+        /// <returns>范围内的对象列表</returns>
+        public List<T> FindInRadiusExact(
+            Vector3d center,
+            double radius,
+            Func<T, Vector3d> getPositionFunc)
+        {
+            if (getPositionFunc == null)
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(getPositionFunc));
+
+            return FindInRadius(center, radius, obj =>
+            {
+                var objPos = getPositionFunc(obj);
+                return Vector3d.Distance(center, objPos);
+            });
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 清空所有数据
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            _grid.Clear();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 将世界坐标转换为网格坐标
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="position">世界坐标</param>
+        /// <returns>网格坐标</returns>
+        private Vector3i ToGridCoordinates(Vector3d position)
+        {
+            return new Vector3i(
+                (int)Math.Floor(position.x / _cellSize),
+                (int)Math.Floor(position.y / _cellSize),
+                (int)Math.Floor(position.z / _cellSize)
+            );
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取网格统计信息（用于调试）
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>统计信息字符串</returns>
+        public string GetStatistics()
+        {
+            int totalObjects = 0;
+            int maxObjectsPerCell = 0;
+            int minObjectsPerCell = int.MaxValue;
+            int emptyCount = 0;
+
+            foreach (var list in _grid.Values)
+            {
+                int count = list.Count;
+                totalObjects += count;
+
+                if (count == 0)
+                    emptyCount++;
+
+                if (count > maxObjectsPerCell)
+                    maxObjectsPerCell = count;
+
+                if (count < minObjectsPerCell && count > 0)
+                    minObjectsPerCell = count;
+            }
+
+            double avgObjectsPerCell = _grid.Count > 0 ? (double)totalObjects / _grid.Count : 0;
+
+            if (minObjectsPerCell == int.MaxValue)
+                minObjectsPerCell = 0;
+
+            return $"空间哈希网格统计:\n" +
+                   $"  格子大小: {_cellSize:F2} 模型单位\n" +
+                   $"  总格子数: {_grid.Count}\n" +
+                   $"  总对象数: {totalObjects}\n" +
+                   $"  平均每格对象数: {avgObjectsPerCell:F2}\n" +
+                   $"  最大每格对象数: {maxObjectsPerCell}\n" +
+                   $"  最小每格对象数: {minObjectsPerCell}\n" +
+                   $"  空格子数: {emptyCount}";
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Core/Spatial/SpatialIndexManager.cs b/src/Core/Spatial/SpatialIndexManager.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5a5968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Core/Spatial/SpatialIndexManager.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using Autodesk.Navisworks.Api;
+using NavisworksTransport.Utils;
+using g4; // geometry4Sharp
+
+namespace NavisworksTransport.Core.Spatial
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 全局空间索引管理器
+    /// 单例模式，为所有动画提供高效的空间查询服务
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SpatialIndexManager
+    {
+        private static SpatialIndexManager _instance;
+        private static readonly object _lockObj = new object();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 单例实例
+        /// </summary>
+        public static SpatialIndexManager Instance
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_instance == null)
+                {
+                    lock (_lockObj)
+                    {
+                        if (_instance == null)
+                        {
+                            _instance = new SpatialIndexManager();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return _instance;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private SpatialHashGrid<ModelItem> _globalSpatialIndex;
+        private double _cellSize = 1.0;  // 默认格子大小（模型单位）
+        private bool _isInitialized = false;
+        private int _indexedObjectCount = 0;
+
+        // 缓存对象位置，避免重复计算
+        private readonly Dictionary<ModelItem, Vector3d> _objectPositions = new Dictionary<ModelItem, Vector3d>();
+
+        private SpatialIndexManager()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 空间索引是否已初始化
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsInitialized => _isInitialized;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 格子大小（模型单位）
+        /// </summary>
+        public double CellSize => _cellSize;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 已索引的对象数量
+        /// </summary>
+        public int IndexedObjectCount => _indexedObjectCount;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 构建全局空间索引
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cellSizeInModelUnits">格子大小（模型单位），建议设置为车辆半径的2倍</param>
+        public void BuildGlobalIndex(double cellSizeInModelUnits = 1.0)
+        {
+            var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+            LogManager.Info("[空间索引] 开始构建全局空间索引");
+            LogManager.Info($"[空间索引] 格子大小: {cellSizeInModelUnits:F2} 模型单位");
+
+            try
+            {
+                _cellSize = cellSizeInModelUnits;
+
+                // 1. 获取所有几何对象
+                var allItems = Application.ActiveDocument.Models.RootItemDescendantsAndSelf
+                    .Where(item => item.HasGeometry)
+                    .ToList();
+
+                LogManager.Info($"[空间索引] 找到 {allItems.Count} 个几何对象");
+
+                if (allItems.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    LogManager.Warning("[空间索引] 场景中没有几何对象");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // 2. 创建空间哈希网格
+                _globalSpatialIndex = new SpatialHashGrid<ModelItem>(cellSizeInModelUnits);
+                _objectPositions.Clear();
+
+                // 3. 索引所有对象
+                int indexedCount = 0;
+                int failedCount = 0;
+
+                foreach (var item in allItems)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        // 获取包围盒中心作为对象位置
+                        var bbox = item.BoundingBox();
+                        var center = new Vector3d(
+                            (bbox.Min.X + bbox.Max.X) / 2.0,
+                            (bbox.Min.Y + bbox.Max.Y) / 2.0,
+                            (bbox.Min.Z + bbox.Max.Z) / 2.0
+                        );
+
+                        // 插入到空间索引
+                        _globalSpatialIndex.Insert(item, center);
+
+                        // 缓存位置
+                        _objectPositions[item] = center;
+
+                        indexedCount++;
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        LogManager.Warning($"[空间索引] 索引对象失败: {item.DisplayName}, 错误: {ex.Message}");
+                        failedCount++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _indexedObjectCount = indexedCount;
+                _isInitialized = true;
+
+                sw.Stop();
+
+                LogManager.Info("[空间索引] 构建完成");
+                LogManager.Info($"  - 成功索引: {indexedCount} 个对象");
+                LogManager.Info($"  - 失败: {failedCount} 个对象");
+                LogManager.Info($"  - 格子数量: {_globalSpatialIndex.CellCount} 个");
+                LogManager.Info($"  - 耗时: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds} ms");
+
+                // 输出统计信息
+                LogManager.Debug("[空间索引] " + _globalSpatialIndex.GetStatistics());
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                LogManager.Error($"[空间索引] 构建失败: {ex.Message}");
+                LogManager.Error($"[空间索引] 堆栈跟踪: {ex.StackTrace}");
+                _isInitialized = false;
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 范围查询：查找指定位置附近的对象
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="position">查询中心位置（Navisworks Point3D）</param>
+        /// <param name="searchRadiusInModelUnits">查询半径（模型单位）</param>
+        /// <param name="excludeObject">要排除的对象（通常是移动物体本身）</param>
+        /// <returns>范围内的对象列表</returns>
+        public List<ModelItem> FindNearbyObjects(
+            Point3D position,
+            double searchRadiusInModelUnits,
+            ModelItem excludeObject = null)
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    "[空间索引] 空间索引未初始化，请先调用 BuildGlobalIndex()");
+            }
+
+            var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+            try
+            {
+                // 转换为 geometry4Sharp 的 Vector3d
+                var centerVec = new Vector3d(position.X, position.Y, position.Z);
+
+                // 使用空间哈希网格进行范围查询（带精确距离检查）
+                var nearbyObjects = _globalSpatialIndex.FindInRadiusExact(
+                    centerVec,
+                    searchRadiusInModelUnits,
+                    getPositionFunc: item =>
+                    {
+                        // 从缓存中获取对象位置
+                        if (_objectPositions.TryGetValue(item, out var pos))
+                        {
+                            return pos;
+                        }
+
+                        // 缓存未命中，重新计算（理论上不应该发生）
+                        var bbox = item.BoundingBox();
+                        return new Vector3d(
+                            (bbox.Min.X + bbox.Max.X) / 2.0,
+                            (bbox.Min.Y + bbox.Max.Y) / 2.0,
+                            (bbox.Min.Z + bbox.Max.Z) / 2.0
+                        );
+                    }
+                );
+
+                // 排除指定对象
+                if (excludeObject != null)
+                {
+                    nearbyObjects = nearbyObjects.Where(obj => !obj.Equals(excludeObject)).ToList();
+                }
+
+                sw.Stop();
+
+                LogManager.Debug($"[空间索引] 范围查询完成: " +
+                               $"位置=({position.X:F2}, {position.Y:F2}, {position.Z:F2}), " +
+                               $"半径={searchRadiusInModelUnits:F2}, " +
+                               $"结果={nearbyObjects.Count} 个对象, " +
+                               $"耗时={sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds:F2}ms");
+
+                return nearbyObjects;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                LogManager.Error($"[空间索引] 范围查询失败: {ex.Message}");
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 范围查询（带排除列表）
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="position">查询中心位置</param>
+        /// <param name="searchRadiusInModelUnits">查询半径</param>
+        /// <param name="excludeObjects">要排除的对象列表</param>
+        /// <returns>范围内的对象列表</returns>
+        public List<ModelItem> FindNearbyObjects(
+            Point3D position,
+            double searchRadiusInModelUnits,
+            IEnumerable<ModelItem> excludeObjects)
+        {
+            var results = FindNearbyObjects(position, searchRadiusInModelUnits, excludeObject: null);
+
+            if (excludeObjects != null)
+            {
+                var excludeSet = new HashSet<ModelItem>(excludeObjects);
+                results = results.Where(obj => !excludeSet.Contains(obj)).ToList();
+            }
+
+            return results;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取对象的缓存位置
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">模型对象</param>
+        /// <returns>对象的3D位置（Vector3d）</returns>
+        public Vector3d? GetObjectPosition(ModelItem item)
+        {
+            if (_objectPositions.TryGetValue(item, out var pos))
+            {
+                return pos;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 清除空间索引
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            LogManager.Info("[空间索引] 清除空间索引");
+
+            _globalSpatialIndex?.Clear();
+            _objectPositions.Clear();
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _indexedObjectCount = 0;
+
+            LogManager.Info("[空间索引] 空间索引已清除");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取空间索引统计信息
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>统计信息字符串</returns>
+        public string GetStatistics()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+                return "[空间索引] 未初始化";
+            }
+
+            return $"[空间索引] 统计信息:\n" +
+                   $"  - 已索引对象: {_indexedObjectCount} 个\n" +
+                   $"  - 格子大小: {_cellSize:F2} 模型单位\n" +
+                   $"  - 格子数量: {_globalSpatialIndex.CellCount} 个\n" +
+                   $"{_globalSpatialIndex.GetStatistics()}";
+        }
+    }
+}