添加系统设计

doc/design.md

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+# 机器学习平台系统设计
+
+## 0. 依赖库总览
+```python
+# 基础依赖
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+from typing import Dict, List
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+import uuid
+import json
+from datetime import datetime
+
+# 数据处理
+from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler, OneHotEncoder
+from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
+from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest, VarianceThreshold
+from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
+from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
+from sklearn.ensemble import IsolationForest
+
+# 机器学习框架
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
+import xgboost as xgb
+import lightgbm as lgb
+from catboost import CatBoostClassifier, CatBoostRegressor
+
+# 深度学习
+import pytorch_lightning as pl
+from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer
+from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
+
+# 超参数优化
+import optuna
+from optuna.pruners import MedianPruner
+
+# 模型管理
+import mlflow
+from mlflow.tracking import MlflowClient
+
+# API框架
+from fastapi import FastAPI, BackgroundTasks, Depends
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+# 分布式训练
+from torch.nn.parallel import DistributedDataParallel
+from torch.distributed import init_process_group
+
+# 系统监控
+import psutil
+import GPUtil
+from prometheus_client import Counter, Gauge
+
+# 安全相关
+from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
+from passlib.hash import bcrypt
+
+# 任务队列
+from celery import Celery
+from redis import Redis
+
+# 日志管理
+import logging
+from tensorboard import SummaryWriter
+```
+
+## 1. 数据处理模块
+### 使用的库
+```python
+# 数据读取与处理
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler, OneHotEncoder, LabelEncoder
+from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
+from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest, VarianceThreshold
+from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
+from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
+from sklearn.ensemble import IsolationForest
+
+# 数据版本控制
+import hashlib
+import json
+from datetime import datetime
+import uuid
+```
+
+### 1.1 数据读取
+1. 支持多种数据格式读取:
+```python
+SUPPORTED_FORMATS = {
+    'csv': pd.read_csv,
+    'parquet': pd.read_parquet, 
+    'hdf5': pd.read_hdf
+}
+```
+
+2. 数据读取参数配置:
+```python
+READ_CONFIG = {
+    'csv': {
+        'encoding': 'utf-8',
+        'sep': ',',
+        'na_values': ['', 'NULL', 'null']
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 1.2 数据预处理
+1. 数据清洗流水线:
+```python
+class DataCleaner:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.pipeline = [
+            ('missing_handler', SimpleImputer(strategy='mean')),
+            ('outlier_detector', IsolationForest()),
+            ('duplicates_remover', DuplicatesRemover())
+        ]
+        
+    def clean(self, data):
+        for name, processor in self.pipeline:
+            data = processor.transform(data)
+        return data
+```
+
+2. 数据转换:
+```python
+class DataTransformer:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.numerical_pipeline = Pipeline([
+            ('scaler', StandardScaler()),
+            ('selector', VarianceThreshold(threshold=0.01))
+        ])
+        
+        self.categorical_pipeline = Pipeline([
+            ('encoder', OneHotEncoder(sparse=False)),
+            ('selector', SelectKBest(k=20))
+        ])
+```
+
+3. 特征工程:
+```python
+class FeatureEngineer:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.feature_generators = {
+            'polynomial': PolynomialFeatures(),
+            'interaction': InteractionFeatures(),
+            'time': TimeFeatures()
+        }
+```
+
+4. 数据集划分:
+```python
+class DataSplitter:
+    def split(self, data, test_size=0.2, val_size=0.1):
+        train, test = train_test_split(data, test_size=test_size)
+        train, val = train_test_split(train, test_size=val_size)
+        return {
+            'train': train,
+            'val': val, 
+            'test': test
+        }
+```
+
+### 1.3 数据版本控制
+```python
+class DataVersionControl:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.version_db = {}
+        
+    def save_version(self, data, metadata):
+        version_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        hash_value = self._calculate_hash(data)
+        
+        self.version_db[version_id] = {
+            'hash': hash_value,
+            'timestamp': datetime.now(),
+            'metadata': metadata
+        }
+        return version_id
+```
+
+## 2. 模型训练模块
+### 使用的库
+```python
+# 机器学习框架
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+import torch.optim as optim
+from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
+import pytorch_lightning as pl
+
+# 传统机器学习算法
+import xgboost as xgb
+import lightgbm as lgb
+from catboost import CatBoostClassifier
+from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
+
+# 深度学习模型
+from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer
+from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
+
+# 超参数优化
+import optuna
+from optuna.pruners import MedianPruner
+```
+
+### 2.1 算法管理
+1. 算法注册表:
+```python
+ALGORITHMS = {
+    'classification': {
+        'xgboost': {
+            'class': XGBClassifier,
+            'params': {
+                'max_depth': {'type': 'int', 'range': [3,10]},
+                'learning_rate': {'type': 'float', 'range': [0.001,0.1]},
+                'n_estimators': {'type': 'int', 'range': [100,1000]}
+            }
+        },
+        'lightgbm': {...},
+        'catboost': {...}
+    },
+    'regression': {
+        'xgboost_regressor': {...},
+        'lightgbm_regressor': {...}
+    },
+    'clustering': {
+        'kmeans': {...},
+        'dbscan': {...}
+    }
+}
+```
+
+2. 模型工厂:
+```python
+class ModelFactory:
+    @staticmethod
+    def create_model(algorithm_name, params=None):
+        if algorithm_name not in ALGORITHMS:
+            raise ValueError(f"Algorithm {algorithm_name} not supported")
+            
+        algorithm = ALGORITHMS[algorithm_name]
+        return algorithm['class'](**params if params else {})
+```
+
+### 2.2 训练管理
+1. 训练配置:
+```python
+@dataclass
+class TrainingConfig:
+    algorithm: str
+    params: Dict
+    data_version: str
+    device: str = 'cuda'
+    batch_size: int = 32
+    num_epochs: int = 100
+    early_stopping: bool = True
+```
+
+2. 训练器:
+```python
+class ModelTrainer:
+    def __init__(self, config: TrainingConfig):
+        self.config = config
+        self.model = ModelFactory.create_model(config.algorithm, config.params)
+        self.device = torch.device(config.device)
+        
+    def train(self, train_data, val_data=None):
+        self.model.to(self.device)
+        optimizer = self._configure_optimizer()
+        scheduler = self._configure_scheduler()
+        
+        for epoch in range(self.config.num_epochs):
+            train_loss = self._train_epoch(train_data)
+            if val_data is not None:
+                val_loss = self._validate(val_data)
+                
+            if self.early_stopping.should_stop():
+                break
+```
+
+### 2.3 超参数优化
+```python
+class HPOptimizer:
+    def __init__(self, study_name, n_trials=100):
+        self.study = optuna.create_study(
+            study_name=study_name,
+            direction='minimize'
+        )
+        self.n_trials = n_trials
+        
+    def optimize(self, objective_fn):
+        self.study.optimize(
+            objective_fn,
+            n_trials=self.n_trials,
+            callbacks=[self._pruning_callback]
+        )
+        return self.study.best_params
+```
+
+## 3. 模型管理模块
+### 使用的库
+```python
+# 模型管理与追踪
+import mlflow
+from mlflow.tracking import MlflowClient
+from mlflow.models import Model
+
+# 模型序列化
+import pickle
+import torch.serialization
+import json
+
+# 模型版本控制
+from datetime import datetime
+import hashlib
+```
+
+### 3.1 模型注册
+```python
+class ModelRegistry:
+    def __init__(self, mlflow_uri):
+        self.client = MlflowClient(mlflow_uri)
+        
+    def register_model(self, model_path, name, metadata=None):
+        model_version = self.client.create_model_version(
+            name=name,
+            source=model_path,
+            run_id=mlflow.active_run().info.run_id
+        )
+        
+        if metadata:
+            self.client.set_model_version_tag(
+                name=name,
+                version=model_version.version,
+                key='metadata',
+                value=json.dumps(metadata)
+            )
+```
+
+### 3.2 模型加载
+```python
+class ModelLoader:
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_model(model_id):
+        model_path = f"models/{model_id}"
+        return torch.load(model_path)
+        
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_for_inference(model_id):
+        model = ModelLoader.load_model(model_id)
+        model.eval()
+        return model
+```
+
+### 3.3 模型服务
+```python
+class ModelService:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.loaded_models = {}
+        
+    async def predict(self, model_id, data):
+        if model_id not in self.loaded_models:
+            self.loaded_models[model_id] = ModelLoader.load_for_inference(model_id)
+            
+        model = self.loaded_models[model_id]
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            predictions = model(torch.tensor(data))
+        return predictions.numpy()
+```
+
+## 4. 系统监控模块
+### 使用的库
+```python
+# 系统监控
+import psutil
+import GPUtil
+from prometheus_client import Counter, Gauge
+
+# 日志管理
+import logging
+from tensorboard import SummaryWriter
+
+# 性能分析
+import cProfile
+import line_profiler
+import memory_profiler
+```
+
+### 4.1 资源监控
+```python
+class ResourceMonitor:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.gpu_util = GPUUtilization()
+        self.memory_util = MemoryUtilization()
+        
+    def get_metrics(self):
+        return {
+            'gpu': self.gpu_util.get_usage(),
+            'memory': self.memory_util.get_usage(),
+            'cpu': psutil.cpu_percent()
+        }
+```
+
+### 4.2 训练监控
+```python
+class TrainingMonitor:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.metrics_history = defaultdict(list)
+        
+    def log_metrics(self, metrics):
+        for name, value in metrics.items():
+            self.metrics_history[name].append(value)
+            
+    def get_summary(self):
+        return {
+            name: {
+                'current': values[-1],
+                'mean': np.mean(values),
+                'std': np.std(values)
+            }
+            for name, values in self.metrics_history.items()
+        }
+```
+
+## 5. API接口设计
+### 使用的库
+```python
+# Web框架
+from fastapi import FastAPI, BackgroundTasks, Depends, HTTPException
+from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
+from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
+
+# 异步支持
+import asyncio
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+
+# API文档
+from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
+```
+
+### 5.1 训练接口
+```python
+@router.post("/train")
+async def start_training(
+    request: TrainingRequest,
+    background_tasks: BackgroundTasks
+):
+    task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+    background_tasks.add_task(
+        train_model,
+        task_id=task_id,
+        config=request.dict()
+    )
+    return {"task_id": task_id}
+```
+
+### 5.2 预测接口
+```python
+@router.post("/predict")
+async def predict(
+    request: PredictionRequest,
+    model_service: ModelService = Depends()
+):
+    predictions = await model_service.predict(
+        model_id=request.model_id,
+        data=request.data
+    )
+    return {"predictions": predictions.tolist()}
+```
+
+## 6. 安全模块
+### 使用的库
+```python
+# 加密
+from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
+from passlib.hash import bcrypt
+from jwt import encode, decode
+
+# 访问控制
+from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
+from jose import JWTError, jwt
+
+# 数据脱敏
+import re
+from typing import Pattern
+```
+
+### 6.1 数据安全
+```python
+class DataSecurity:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.encryptor = DataEncryptor()
+        self.sanitizer = DataSanitizer()
+        
+    def secure_save(self, data, path):
+        sanitized_data = self.sanitizer.clean(data)
+        encrypted_data = self.encryptor.encrypt(sanitized_data)
+        self._save_to_disk(encrypted_data, path)
+```
+
+### 6.2 模型安全
+```python
+class ModelSecurity:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.access_control = AccessControl()
+        
+    def check_permission(self, user_id, model_id, operation):
+        return self.access_control.has_permission(user_id, model_id, operation)
+        
+    def encrypt_model(self, model, key):
+        return AESEncryption.encrypt(model.state_dict(), key)
+```
+
+## 7. 部署配置
+### 使用的库
+```python
+# 容器化
+import docker
+from docker.types import Mount
+
+# 任务队列
+from celery import Celery
+from redis import Redis
+
+# 配置管理
+import yaml
+from dynaconf import Dynaconf
+
+# 环境管理
+import os
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+```
+
+### 7.1 Docker配置
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+services:
+  api:
+    build: .
+    ports:
+      - "8000:8000"
+    environment:
+      - CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0
+    volumes:
+      - ./models:/app/models
+      
+  worker:
+    build: .
+    command: celery -A tasks worker
+    environment:
+      - CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=1
+```
+
+### 7.2 资源限制
+```python
+class ResourceLimiter:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.limits = {
+            'max_data_size': 1024 * 1024 * 1024,  # 1GB
+            'max_training_time': 3600,  # 1 hour
+            'max_batch_size': 1024
+        }
+    
+    def check_limits(self, config):
+        if config.data_size > self.limits['max_data_size']:
+            raise ValueError("Data size exceeds limit")
+```
+
+## 8. 版本信息
+```python
+DEPENDENCIES = {
+    # 基础依赖
+    'numpy': '>=1.21.0',
+    'pandas': '>=1.3.0',
+    'scikit-learn': '>=1.0.0',
+    
+    # 机器学习框架
+    'torch': '>=2.0.0',
+    'xgboost': '>=1.5.0',
+    'lightgbm': '>=3.3.0',
+    'catboost': '>=1.0.0',
+    
+    # 深度学习
+    'pytorch-lightning': '>=2.0.0',
+    'transformers': '>=4.30.0',
+    'diffusers': '>=0.19.0',
+    
+    # 模型管理
+    'mlflow': '>=2.4.0',
+    'optuna': '>=3.2.0',
+    
+    # Web框架
+    'fastapi': '>=0.95.0',
+    'celery': '>=5.3.0',
+    
+    # 监控与日志
+    'prometheus-client': '>=0.16.0',
+    'tensorboard': '>=2.12.0',
+    
+    # 安全
+    'cryptography': '>=40.0.0',
+    'passlib': '>=1.7.4',
+    
+    # 部署
+    'docker': '>=6.1.0',
+    'redis': '>=4.5.0'
+}
+```