主要修改: 1. arm_controller.py: 使用PyBullet的calculateInverseKinematics替代KDL IK - 精度从32.8cm误差降至0.566cm - 确保IK求解与仿真环境的一致性 2. main_window.py: 优化路径可视化,避免机械臂重复执行 - 修复早期返回bug,确保三阶段任务完整执行 - 改进可视化方法,减少对机械臂状态的影响 - 使用保存-计算-恢复策略最小化视觉干扰 效果: - 大幅提升系统精度 - 消除重复执行问题 - 保持KDL代码供对比研究 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
593 lines
24 KiB
Python
593 lines
24 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""
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Robotic Arm Controller
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Unified control interface that integrates KDL kinematics engine with PyBullet simulation.
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Provides high-level arm control, workspace validation, and path planning support.
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"""
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import numpy as np
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from typing import List, Tuple, Optional, Dict, Any
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import time
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import math
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from .kinematics import KinematicsEngine, create_kinematics_engine
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from .robot_loader import RobotLoader
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from ..config_loader import ConfigLoader
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class ArmController:
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"""Unified robotic arm controller integrating KDL kinematics with PyBullet simulation"""
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def __init__(self, config_loader: ConfigLoader, physics_client: int):
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"""Initialize arm controller with KDL and PyBullet integration"""
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self.config_loader = config_loader
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self.physics_client = physics_client
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# Core components
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self.kinematics_engine: Optional[KinematicsEngine] = None
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self.robot_loader: Optional[RobotLoader] = None
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# Configuration
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self.robot_config = config_loader.get_robot_config()
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self.task_points_config = config_loader.get_task_points()
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# State tracking
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self.is_initialized = False
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self.home_position: Optional[List[float]] = None
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# Initialize components
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self._initialize_components()
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self._validate_consistency()
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self._build_joint_mappings()
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def _initialize_components(self) -> None:
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"""Initialize KDL kinematics engine and PyBullet robot loader"""
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try:
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# Initialize KDL kinematics engine
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self.kinematics_engine = create_kinematics_engine(self.config_loader)
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# Initialize PyBullet robot loader
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self.robot_loader = RobotLoader(self.config_loader, self.physics_client)
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robot_id = self.robot_loader.load_robot()
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# Store home position from config or use zeros
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num_joints = self.kinematics_engine.get_num_joints()
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robot_config = self.config_loader.get_robot_config()
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self.home_position = robot_config.get('initial_joint_positions', [0.0] * num_joints)
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# Ensure home position length matches DOF
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if len(self.home_position) != num_joints:
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self.home_position = [0.0] * num_joints
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self.is_initialized = True
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to initialize arm controller components: {e}")
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def _validate_consistency(self) -> None:
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"""Validate consistency between KDL and PyBullet components"""
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if not self.is_initialized:
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raise RuntimeError("Components not initialized")
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# Check DOF consistency
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kdl_dof = self.kinematics_engine.get_num_joints()
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pybullet_dof = self.robot_loader.get_dof()
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if kdl_dof != pybullet_dof:
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raise RuntimeError(f"DOF mismatch: KDL={kdl_dof}, PyBullet={pybullet_dof}")
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# Validate joint limits consistency
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kdl_limits = self.kinematics_engine.get_joint_limits()
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pybullet_limits = self.robot_loader.get_joint_limits()
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if len(kdl_limits) != len(pybullet_limits):
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raise RuntimeError("Joint limits count mismatch between KDL and PyBullet")
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def _build_joint_mappings(self) -> None:
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"""建立 KDL 顺序 与 PyBullet 顺序 的双向映射(基于关节名称)"""
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kdl_names = self.kinematics_engine.get_joint_names()
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pb_names = self.robot_loader.get_joint_names()
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if len(kdl_names) != len(pb_names):
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raise RuntimeError(f"DOF name count mismatch: KDL={len(kdl_names)}, PyBullet={len(pb_names)}")
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name_to_pb = {n: i for i, n in enumerate(pb_names)}
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kdl_to_pb = []
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for n in kdl_names:
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if n not in name_to_pb:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Joint name not found in PyBullet: {n}")
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kdl_to_pb.append(name_to_pb[n])
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pb_to_kdl = [0] * len(kdl_to_pb)
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for kdl_i, pb_i in enumerate(kdl_to_pb):
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pb_to_kdl[pb_i] = kdl_i
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self._kdl_to_pb = kdl_to_pb
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self._pb_to_kdl = pb_to_kdl
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def _to_pb_order(self, q_kdl: List[float]) -> List[float]:
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if len(q_kdl) != len(self._kdl_to_pb):
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raise ValueError("Input joint vector size mismatch (KDL->PB)")
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q_pb = [0.0] * len(q_kdl)
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for kdl_i, pb_i in enumerate(self._kdl_to_pb):
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q_pb[pb_i] = q_kdl[kdl_i]
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return q_pb
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def _to_kdl_order(self, q_pb: List[float]) -> List[float]:
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if len(q_pb) != len(self._pb_to_kdl):
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raise ValueError("Input joint vector size mismatch (PB->KDL)")
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q_kdl = [0.0] * len(q_pb)
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for pb_i, kdl_i in enumerate(self._pb_to_kdl):
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q_kdl[kdl_i] = q_pb[pb_i]
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return q_kdl
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def forward_kinematics(self, joint_positions: List[float]) -> Tuple[List[float], List[float]]:
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"""Calculate forward kinematics from joint positions to end effector pose"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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if not self.validate_joint_configuration(joint_positions):
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raise ValueError("Joint positions exceed limits or invalid configuration")
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try:
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position, orientation = self.kinematics_engine.forward_kinematics(joint_positions)
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return position, orientation
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Forward kinematics calculation failed: {e}")
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def inverse_kinematics(self, target_position: List[float],
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target_orientation: List[float] = None,
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seed_angles: List[float] = None) -> Optional[List[float]]:
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"""Calculate inverse kinematics from target pose to joint positions"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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# Use current joint angles as seed if not provided
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if seed_angles is None:
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seed_angles = self.get_current_joint_positions()
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try:
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# 使用PyBullet的IK求解器以确保与仿真环境的一致性
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import pybullet as p
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pb_solution = p.calculateInverseKinematics(
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self.robot_loader.robot_id,
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self.robot_loader.end_effector_index,
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target_position,
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targetOrientation=target_orientation,
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maxNumIterations=100,
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residualThreshold=0.001,
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physicsClientId=self.physics_client
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)
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# 转换为列表并截取正确的关节数量
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joint_angles = list(pb_solution)[:self.kinematics_engine.get_num_joints()]
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# Validate solution if found
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if joint_angles is not None:
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if not self.validate_joint_configuration(joint_angles):
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return None
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return joint_angles
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Inverse kinematics calculation failed: {e}")
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def compute_jacobian(self, joint_positions: List[float]) -> np.ndarray:
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"""Compute Jacobian matrix for given joint configuration"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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if not self.validate_joint_configuration(joint_positions):
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raise ValueError("Invalid joint configuration for Jacobian computation")
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try:
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return self.kinematics_engine.compute_jacobian(joint_positions)
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Jacobian computation failed: {e}")
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def validate_joint_configuration(self, joint_positions: List[float]) -> bool:
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"""Validate if joint configuration is within limits and feasible"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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# Use KDL engine for primary validation (includes joint limits from URDF)
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return self.kinematics_engine.validate_joint_configuration(joint_positions)
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def set_joint_positions(self, joint_positions: List[float]) -> None:
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"""Convenience: set robot joint targets in PyBullet with validation."""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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if not self.validate_joint_configuration(joint_positions):
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raise ValueError("Target joint positions are invalid or exceed limits")
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self.robot_loader.set_joint_positions(self._to_pb_order(joint_positions))
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def move_to_joint_positions(self, joint_positions: List[float],
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timeout: float = 5.0) -> bool:
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"""Move robot to specified joint positions"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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if not self.validate_joint_configuration(joint_positions):
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raise ValueError("Target joint positions are invalid or exceed limits")
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try:
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# Set joint positions in PyBullet(按 PyBullet 顺序)
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self.robot_loader.set_joint_positions(self._to_pb_order(joint_positions))
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# Wait for movement completion or timeout
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start_time = time.time()
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tolerance = 0.01 # 0.01 radians tolerance
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while time.time() - start_time < timeout:
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current_positions = self.get_current_joint_positions()
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# Check if close enough to target
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position_errors = [abs(current - target)
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for current, target in zip(current_positions, joint_positions)]
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if all(error < tolerance for error in position_errors):
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return True
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time.sleep(0.1) # Check every 100ms
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return False # Timeout reached
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to move to joint positions: {e}")
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def move_to_cartesian_pose(self, target_position: List[float],
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target_orientation: List[float] = None,
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timeout: float = 5.0) -> bool:
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"""Move robot end effector to specified Cartesian pose"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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# Get current joint positions as seed for IK
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current_joints = self.get_current_joint_positions()
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# Solve inverse kinematics
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target_joints = self.inverse_kinematics(target_position, target_orientation, current_joints)
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if target_joints is None:
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return False # No IK solution found
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# Move to computed joint positions
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return self.move_to_joint_positions(target_joints, timeout)
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def get_current_pose(self) -> Tuple[List[float], List[float]]:
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"""Get current end effector pose in world coordinates"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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try:
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# Get current joint positions from PyBullet
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current_joints = self.get_current_joint_positions()
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# Calculate forward kinematics with KDL
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position, orientation = self.forward_kinematics(current_joints)
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return position, orientation
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to get current pose: {e}")
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def get_current_joint_positions(self) -> List[float]:
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"""Get current joint positions from PyBullet simulation"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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try:
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joint_states = self.robot_loader.get_joint_states()
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pb_names = self.robot_loader.get_joint_names()
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q_pb = []
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for joint_name in pb_names:
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if joint_name not in joint_states:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Joint {joint_name} not found in joint states")
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q_pb.append(joint_states[joint_name]['position'])
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return self._to_kdl_order(q_pb)
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to get current joint positions: {e}")
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def get_current_joint_states(self) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, float]]:
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"""Get complete current joint states from PyBullet"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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try:
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return self.robot_loader.get_joint_states()
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to get joint states: {e}")
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def check_workspace_reachability(self, position: List[float],
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orientation: List[float] = None) -> bool:
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"""Check if a Cartesian position is reachable by the robot"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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# Get current joint positions as seed
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current_joints = self.get_current_joint_positions()
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# Try to solve inverse kinematics - this will expose KDL problems
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solution = self.inverse_kinematics(position, orientation, current_joints)
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return solution is not None
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def check_joint_limits(self, joint_positions: List[float]) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
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"""Check joint limits and return violations"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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violations = []
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joint_limits = self.kinematics_engine.get_joint_limits()
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joint_names = self.robot_loader.get_joint_names()
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for i, (pos, (lower, upper), name) in enumerate(zip(joint_positions, joint_limits, joint_names)):
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if pos < lower:
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violations.append(f"{name}: {pos:.3f} < {lower:.3f}")
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elif pos > upper:
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violations.append(f"{name}: {pos:.3f} > {upper:.3f}")
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is_valid = len(violations) == 0
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return is_valid, violations
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def check_collision(self) -> bool:
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"""Check for robot self-collision"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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try:
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return self.robot_loader.check_self_collision()
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except Exception as e:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Collision check failed: {e}")
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def reset_to_home_position(self, timeout: float = 5.0) -> bool:
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"""Reset robot to home position"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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if self.home_position is None:
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raise RuntimeError("Home position not configured")
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return self.move_to_joint_positions(self.home_position, timeout)
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def get_kinematic_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
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"""Get comprehensive kinematic information"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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return {
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'num_joints': self.kinematics_engine.get_num_joints(),
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'base_link': self.kinematics_engine.base_link,
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'end_link': self.kinematics_engine.end_link,
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'joint_limits': self.kinematics_engine.get_joint_limits(),
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'joint_names': self.robot_loader.get_joint_names(),
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'current_pose': self.get_current_pose(),
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'current_joint_positions': self.get_current_joint_positions(),
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'home_position': self.home_position
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}
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def get_workspace_bounds(self) -> Dict[str, Tuple[float, float]]:
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"""Estimate workspace bounds by sampling reachable positions"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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# This is a simplified implementation
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# For precise bounds, would need comprehensive sampling
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task_points = self.task_points_config
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bounds = {
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'x': (-2.0, 2.0), # Default bounds
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'y': (-2.0, 2.0),
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'z': (0.0, 2.5)
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}
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# Update bounds based on task points if available
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if task_points:
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positions = []
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for point_info in task_points.values():
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if 'position' in point_info:
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positions.append(point_info['position'])
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if positions:
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x_coords = [pos[0] for pos in positions]
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y_coords = [pos[1] for pos in positions]
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z_coords = [pos[2] for pos in positions]
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bounds['x'] = (min(x_coords) - 0.5, max(x_coords) + 0.5)
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bounds['y'] = (min(y_coords) - 0.5, max(y_coords) + 0.5)
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bounds['z'] = (min(z_coords) - 0.5, max(z_coords) + 0.5)
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return bounds
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def _ensure_initialized(self) -> None:
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"""Ensure controller is properly initialized"""
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if not self.is_initialized:
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raise RuntimeError("ArmController not initialized. Call initialization first.")
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if self.kinematics_engine is None:
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raise RuntimeError("KDL kinematics engine not initialized")
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if self.robot_loader is None:
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raise RuntimeError("Robot loader not initialized")
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def sample_valid_configuration(self, max_attempts: int = 100) -> Optional[List[float]]:
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"""Sample a random valid joint configuration within limits"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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joint_limits = self.kinematics_engine.get_joint_limits()
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for _ in range(max_attempts):
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# Generate random joint positions within limits
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joint_positions = []
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for lower, upper in joint_limits:
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random_pos = np.random.uniform(lower, upper)
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joint_positions.append(random_pos)
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# Validate configuration
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if self.validate_joint_configuration(joint_positions):
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return joint_positions
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return None # No valid configuration found
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def interpolate_joint_path(self, start_joints: List[float],
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end_joints: List[float],
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num_steps: int = 50) -> List[List[float]]:
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"""Interpolate linear path between two joint configurations"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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if len(start_joints) != len(end_joints):
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raise ValueError("Start and end joint arrays must have same length")
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if not self.validate_joint_configuration(start_joints):
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raise ValueError("Start joint configuration is invalid")
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if not self.validate_joint_configuration(end_joints):
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raise ValueError("End joint configuration is invalid")
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path = []
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for i in range(num_steps + 1):
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t = i / num_steps # Parameter from 0 to 1
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# Linear interpolation
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interpolated = []
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for start, end in zip(start_joints, end_joints):
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interpolated.append(start + t * (end - start))
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path.append(interpolated)
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return path
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def interpolate_cartesian_path(self, start_pose: Tuple[List[float], List[float]],
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end_pose: Tuple[List[float], List[float]],
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num_steps: int = 50) -> Optional[List[List[float]]]:
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"""Interpolate Cartesian path between two poses"""
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self._ensure_initialized()
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start_pos, start_orient = start_pose
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end_pos, end_orient = end_pose
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# Get current joint positions as seed
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current_joints = self.get_current_joint_positions()
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joint_path = []
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for i in range(num_steps + 1):
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t = i / num_steps
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# Linear interpolation for position
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interpolated_pos = []
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for start, end in zip(start_pos, end_pos):
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interpolated_pos.append(start + t * (end - start))
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# Linear interpolation for orientation (simplified)
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||
# For proper orientation interpolation, should use slerp for quaternions
|
||
interpolated_orient = []
|
||
if start_orient and end_orient:
|
||
for start, end in zip(start_orient, end_orient):
|
||
interpolated_orient.append(start + t * (end - start))
|
||
else:
|
||
interpolated_orient = start_orient
|
||
|
||
# Solve IK for interpolated pose
|
||
joint_solution = self.inverse_kinematics(
|
||
interpolated_pos, interpolated_orient, current_joints
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
if joint_solution is None:
|
||
return None # Path not feasible
|
||
|
||
joint_path.append(joint_solution)
|
||
current_joints = joint_solution # Use as seed for next step
|
||
|
||
return joint_path
|
||
|
||
def compute_path_length(self, joint_path: List[List[float]]) -> float:
|
||
"""Compute total length of joint path"""
|
||
if len(joint_path) < 2:
|
||
return 0.0
|
||
|
||
total_length = 0.0
|
||
|
||
for i in range(1, len(joint_path)):
|
||
# Compute Euclidean distance between consecutive configurations
|
||
segment_length = 0.0
|
||
for j in range(len(joint_path[i])):
|
||
diff = joint_path[i][j] - joint_path[i-1][j]
|
||
segment_length += diff * diff
|
||
|
||
total_length += math.sqrt(segment_length)
|
||
|
||
return total_length
|
||
|
||
def validate_trajectory(self, joint_path: List[List[float]],
|
||
check_collision: bool = True) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
|
||
"""Validate entire trajectory for feasibility"""
|
||
self._ensure_initialized()
|
||
|
||
errors = []
|
||
|
||
# Check each configuration in path
|
||
for i, joint_config in enumerate(joint_path):
|
||
# Check joint limits
|
||
is_valid, violations = self.check_joint_limits(joint_config)
|
||
if not is_valid:
|
||
errors.extend([f"Step {i}: {v}" for v in violations])
|
||
|
||
# Check collision if requested
|
||
if check_collision:
|
||
# Store original configuration only once
|
||
if i == 0:
|
||
original_joints = self.get_current_joint_positions()
|
||
|
||
# Set robot to this configuration for collision check
|
||
self.robot_loader.set_joint_positions(joint_config)
|
||
if self.check_collision():
|
||
errors.append(f"Step {i}: Self-collision detected")
|
||
|
||
# Restore original configuration only at the end
|
||
if i == len(joint_path) - 1:
|
||
self.robot_loader.set_joint_positions(original_joints)
|
||
|
||
is_valid = len(errors) == 0
|
||
return is_valid, errors
|
||
|
||
def diagnose_ik_failure(self, target_position: List[float],
|
||
target_orientation: List[float] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
|
||
"""Diagnose why inverse kinematics failed for given target"""
|
||
self._ensure_initialized()
|
||
|
||
diagnosis = {
|
||
'target_position': target_position,
|
||
'target_orientation': target_orientation,
|
||
'reachable': False,
|
||
'issues': []
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# Check workspace bounds
|
||
bounds = self.get_workspace_bounds()
|
||
x, y, z = target_position
|
||
|
||
if not (bounds['x'][0] <= x <= bounds['x'][1]):
|
||
diagnosis['issues'].append(f"X coordinate {x:.3f} outside bounds {bounds['x']}")
|
||
|
||
if not (bounds['y'][0] <= y <= bounds['y'][1]):
|
||
diagnosis['issues'].append(f"Y coordinate {y:.3f} outside bounds {bounds['y']}")
|
||
|
||
if not (bounds['z'][0] <= z <= bounds['z'][1]):
|
||
diagnosis['issues'].append(f"Z coordinate {z:.3f} outside bounds {bounds['z']}")
|
||
|
||
# Try IK with multiple seeds
|
||
seeds_tried = []
|
||
for _ in range(5): # Try 5 different seeds
|
||
seed = self.sample_valid_configuration()
|
||
if seed is not None:
|
||
seeds_tried.append(seed)
|
||
solution = self.inverse_kinematics(target_position, target_orientation, seed)
|
||
if solution is not None:
|
||
diagnosis['reachable'] = True
|
||
diagnosis['solution'] = solution
|
||
break
|
||
|
||
diagnosis['seeds_attempted'] = len(seeds_tried)
|
||
|
||
if not diagnosis['reachable'] and len(diagnosis['issues']) == 0:
|
||
diagnosis['issues'].append("Target may be at singular configuration or unreachable")
|
||
|
||
return diagnosis
|
||
|
||
|
||
def create_arm_controller(config_loader: ConfigLoader, physics_client: int) -> ArmController:
|
||
"""Create ArmController instance from configuration"""
|
||
return ArmController(config_loader, physics_client)
|